Thumbnail Sketch of Proto- and Historical Epochs and Events

 1020-1000 BCE Reign of Saul - first king of Israel

1000-961 BCE Reign of King David

961-921 BCE Reign of Solomon - height of Israel's cultural power

The First Temple in Jerusalem

921 BCE Division of empire into two halves:

Northern Kingdom of Israel (capital Samaria)

and Southern Kingdom of Judah (capital -Jerusalem)

List of Kings of Israel

Jeroboam I 921-910 BCE

Nadab 910-909

Bassaha 909-886

Elah 886-885

Zimri 885

Omri 885-874 (The Omri Dynasty 885-841)

Ahab 874-853 (his wife was Jezebel the Phoenician; prophets - Elijah and Elisha)

Ahaziah 853-852

Joram 852-841 (Mesha inscription on Moabite Stone)

Jehu 841-814 (vassal to Assyrian King Shalmaneser - shown in the Black Obelisk)

Jehoashaz 814-798

Joash 798-782

Jeroboam II 793-753 (prophets - Amos and Hosea)

Zachariah 753-752

Shallum 752

Menahem 752-742

Pekahiah 742-740

Pekah 740-732 (Assyrian province under Tiglath-pileser III)

Hoshea 732-722 (revolt against Assyria; Sargon II captures Samaria)

721/2 - Conquest of Israel by Assyria; end of the Israelite Kingdom;

27,290 Israelites (according to the Assyrians) taken to captivity.

List of the Kings of Judea

Rehoboam 921-913

Abijah 913-911

Asa 911-869

Jehoshaphat 872-848

Jehoram 854-841

Ahaziah 841

Athaliah 841-835 (female ruler)

Jehoash 835-796

Amaziah 796-790

Uzziah 790-739 (the two kingdoms expand back to the size of Solomon)

Jotham 750-731

Ahaz 735-715 (pays tribute to Tiglath-pileser III - shown Assyrian inscription)

Hezekiah 729-686 (created a water tunnel to Gihon Spring in Jerusalem - Siloam Inscription;

701 BCE destruction of Lachish by Sennacherib of Assyria)

Manasseh 696-641 (paid tribute to Esarhaddon and Ashurbanipal)

Amon 641-639

Josiah 639-608 (collapse of Assyria, rise of Babylon)

Jehahaz 608

Jehoiakim 608-598 (Nebuchadnezzer takes treasures from Temple for Babylon)

Jehoiachim 598-597

Zedekiah 597-596

Destruction of Jerusalem in 596 BCE by the Babylonians; the Babylonian Exile

539 BCE Cyrus the Persian permits Jews to return to Jerusalem

516 BCE Dedication of second temple

332 BCE Conquest of Judea by Alexander the Great (356-323 BCE)

166 BCE Revolt by the Maccabees

Hasmonean Rulers of Judea

Simon 142-134 BCE

John Hyrcanus 134-104

Aristobulus I 104-103

Alexander Jannaeus 103-76

Salome Alexandra 76-67

Aristobulus II 67-63

John Hyrcanus II 63-40

Mattathias Antigonus 40-37

63 BCE Roman conquest of Jerusalem

 37-4 CE Reign of Herod - begins rebuilding of the temple

c.4-6 CE Birth of Jesus

c.30-35 CE Death of Jesus

45-47 CE Paul

66-70 CE Jewish rebellions against Romans - Masada

70 CE Herod's Temple destroyed by the armies of Titus

135 CE Second Jewish Revolt (Bar Kochva Revolt)

Byzantine Empire 324-640

Islamic forces conquer Jerusalem 637 CE

1099-1291 Crusaders

1291-1516 Mamlük

1516-1917 Ottoman Empire

1922-1948 British Mandate

1948- present Israel

1993-present Palestine National Autonomy

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