The  Origins  of  Mesoamerican  Civilization

Prof. Anthony P. Andrews
Office: College Hall 212 (x 4327)
Office Hours: Wednesday, 1-3
andrews@ncf.edu

Fall 2007
Anthropology Lab
Tues & Fri: 3:30-4:50
Syllabus online at website below

http://faculty.ncf.edu/andrews/








This course is a seminar/survey of Mesoamerican prehistory from Paleo-Indian times to the arrival of the Spanish in the 16th century. It will involve both lectures and discussions, and a considerable amount of audio-visual materials. Special emphasis will be placed on the processes that led to the origins of food production, the development of Formative cultures, the rise and fall of Classic period states, and the emergence of Postclassic empires.

The primary purpose of an archaeological area course is to investigate the development of culture in a particular geographical area. This specific development, interesting as it may be in its own right, becomes of interest to general anthropology only as an example that may be compared and contrasted with examples from other times and places. For these comparative purposes, Mesoamerica is a critical area. It is the locus of one of the most thoroughly researched regions for both the development of food production and the origin of early civilization. No anthropologist can claim familiarity with the development of human culture without some knowledge of what happened in ancient Mesoamerica.

Requirements and Evaluation

The two texts will be supplemented by additional assigned readings placed on reserve. Evaluation on student performance will be based on class participation, and two exams.

Texts

Demarest, Arthur A.

2004     Ancient Maya. The Rise and Fall of a Rainforest Civilization. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Evans, Susan Toby

2004     Ancient Mexico and Central America. Thames and Hudson, New York and London.

On Reserve

The above texts, and the National Geographic and National Geographic's Research & Exploration articles will be on shelf reserve at the Circulation Desk.  All other articles will be on electronic reserve [ER].  Science articles are available online at http://www.sciencemag.org/; Nature is available online at http://sfx.fcla.edu/usf?sidsfx:e collection&issn=0028-0836    National Geographic, Scientific American, Science, and Nature are also available in the journal stacks.

TENTATIVE SCHEDULE OF TOPICS AND READINGS

Week 1 (Aug 31):  Geography, Ecology, and History of Archaeology

Readings:

Evans: Chaps: 1 and 2, to page 61.

Demarest: Chaps. 1-3.

Week 2 (Sept 4 & 7):  Early Americans

Readings:

Evans: Chap. 2: 62-70.

Meltzer, David J.

1993     Pleistocene Peopling of the Americas. Evolutionary Anthropology, 1 (5): 157-69.  [ER]

Klein, Herbert S., and Daniel C. Shiffner

2003   The Current Debate About the Origins of the Paleoindians of America.  Journal of Social History, 37 (2): 483-92.  [ER; also available online through the library subscription at               http://muse.jhu.edu.ezproxy.lib.usf.edu/journals/journal_of_social_history/v037/37.2klein.html

Week 3 (Sept 11 & 14):  The Origins of Agriculture

Readings:

Evans: Chap.3.

 

Smith, Bruce D.

1995     The Origins of Agriculture in the Americas. Evolutionary Anthropology, 3 (5): 174-84.  [ER]

Elish, Jill (for FSU)

2007    Earliest evidence of  maize farming in Mexico.  Mexicon, 29 (2): 38.  [ER]

Pope, Kevin O. et al.

2001     Origin and Environmental Setting of Ancient Agriculture in the Lowlands of Mesoamerica.  Science, 292 (5520; May 18): 1370-73. (ER; also available online)

Week 4 (Sept 18 & 21):  Early Village Life

Readings:

Evans: Chap. 4.

Demarest: Chap. 4: 53-62.

Flannery, Kent V.

1976     The Early Mesoamerican Village. Chap. 2: 13-47 (all sections); Chap 3: 79-90 (section by Marcus; skim).  [ER]

Hammond, Norman

1999     Ritual and Economy of the Preclassic Maya: Recent Evidence from Cuello, Belize. In The Archaeology of Mesoamerica (W. Bray and L. Manzanilla, eds.): 83-96. [ER]

Video: Excavations at La Venta

Week 5 (Sept 28 & 28):  The Olmec

Readings:

Evans: Chaps. 5 and 6.

Demarest: Chap. 4: 62-72.

Grove, David C.

1992     The Olmec Legacy.  Research & Exploration, 8 (2): 148-65.  [ER]

Stuart, George E.

1993     New Light on the Olmec. National Geographic, 184 (5; Nov.): 88-115.

Week 6 (Oct 2 & 5):  The Late Preclassic and the Rise of Civilization

Readings:

Evans: Chaps. 7- 9.

Demarest: Chap. 4: 72-88

Flannery, Kent V., and J. Marcus

1983     The Origins of the State in Oaxaca: Editor's Introduction.  In The Cloud People: Divergent Evolution of the Zapotec and Mixtec Civilizations (K.V. Flannery and J. Marcus, eds.): 79-83.  [ER]

Matheny, Ray T.

1987    An Early Metropolis Uncovered:  El Mirador.  National Geographic, 172 (3; : 316-39.

Hansen, Richard D.

2001   The First Cities -- The Beginnings of Urbanization and State Formation in the Maya Lowlands.  In  Maya.  Divine Kings of the Rainforest (Nikolai Grube, ed.): 50-65. [ER]

Video: El Mirador: A Preclassic Maya City.

Week 7 (Oct 9 & 12):  Teotihuacán

Readings:

Evans: Chap. 10

Stuart, George E.

1995     The Timeless Vision of Teotihuacán. National Geographic, 188 (6; Dec.): 2-35.

Cowgill, George L.

1997     State and Society at Teotihuacán, Mexico. Annual Review of Anthropology, 26: 129-61. [ER]

FALL BREAK

Week 8 (Oct 23 & 26):  Classic Oaxaca, Veracruz, and Western Mesoamerica

Readings:

Evans: Chap. 13

Marcus, Joyce

1980     Zapotec Writing. Scientific American, 242 (2): 50-64. [ER]

Santley, Robert S.

1989     Obsidian Working, Long-Distance Exchange and the Teotihuacan Presence on the South Gulf Coast. In Mesoamerica after the Decline of Teotihuacán, A.D. 700-900 (R.A. Diehl and J.C. Berlo, eds.): 131-52. [ER]

Weeks 9-10 (Oct 30 & Nov 2):  The Classic Maya

Readings:

Evans: Chaps 11 and 12

Demarest: Chaps. 5 - 9.

 

Stuart, David, and S.D. Houston

1989    Maya Writing. Scientific American, 261 (2; Aug): 82-89. [ER]

Fash, William L., and B.W. Fash

1990    Scribes, Warriors and Kings. The Lives of the Copán Maya. Archaeology, 43 (3): 26-35. [ER]

Martin, Simon, and Nikolai Grube

1995     Maya Superstates. Archaeology, 48 (3): 41-46. [ER]

Video: Popul Vuh: The Creation Myth of the Maya.

Week 11 (Nov 6 & 9):  The Terminal Classic Maya

Readings:

Evans: Chap. 14

Demarest: Chap. 10.

Hodell, David A., J.H. Curtis, and M. Brenner

1995    Possible role of climate in the collapse of Classic Maya civilization. Nature, 375 (6530; June 1): 391-94. [ER]

Lucero, Lisa J.

2002   The Collapse of the Classic Maya:  a Case for the Control of Water Control. American Anthropologist, 104 (3): 814-26. [ER; also available online at           http://vnweb.hwwilsonweb.com.ezproxy.lib.usf.edu/hww/shared/shared_main.jhtml?_requestid=13654 ]

 

Andrews, Anthony P., et al.

1988    Isla Cerritos: An Itzá Trading Port on the North Coast of Yucatán Mexico. Research & Exploration, 4 (2): 196-207. [ER]

Andrews, Anthony P.

1989     The Fall of Chichén Itzá: A Preliminary Hypothesis. Latin American Antiquity, 1 (3): 257-67. [ER]

Andrews, Anthony P., E. Wyllys Andrews V, and Fernando Robles Castellanos

2003     The Northern Maya Collapse and its Aftermath.  Ancient Mesoamerica, 14 (1): 1-6. [ER]

Week 12 (Nov 20 // Nov 23 is Thanksgiving):  The Toltecs and Postclassic Oaxaca

Readings:

Evans: Chap. 15.

Flannery, Kent V., and J. Marcus

1983     The Postclassic Balkanization of Oaxaca: An Introduction to the Late Postclassic. In The Cloud People:  Divergent Evolution of the Zapotec and Mixtec Civilizations (K.V. Flannery and J. Marcus, eds.): 217-26. [ER]

Week 13 (Nov 27 & 30):  The Aztecs

Readings:

Evans: Chaps. 17-19, to page 512.

Smith, Michael E.

1990     Long-Distance Trade Under the Aztec Empire. Ancient Mesoamerica, 1 (2): 153-69. [ER]

Matos Moctezuma, Eduardo

1984     The Great Temple of Tenochtitlán. Scientific American, 251 (2): 80-89. [ER]

Díaz del Castillo, Bernal

1956     The Discovery and Conquest of Mexico [Orig. 1632]. Read Chapter V ("The Stay in Mexico"): 202-25. [ER]

Week 14 (Dec 4):  The Postclassic Maya

Readings:

Evans: Chap. 19: 512-22.