Andean Prehistory

Prof. Anthony P. Andrews
Office: College Hall 212
Office Hours:  Wednesday, 1-3pm
andrews@ncf.edu

Spring 2008
Anthropology Lab
Tues & Fri: 3:30-4:50
http://faculty.ncf.edu/andrews






This seminar focuses on the evolution of Andean Civilization from Paleo-Indian times to the Spanish Conquest, with special emphasis on the early Moche and Tiwanaku Kingdoms, and the late Chimu and Inca Empires. Class discussions will revolve around a large corpus of readings, and participants should be well-prepared for intensive class sessions. Evaluation will be based on class participation and three research papers.

Research Papers

The research papers will be due on the fifth, tenth, and last weeks of class. They may focus on any aspect of Andean prehistory encompassed by the due dates. Research materials are available in both the New College Library and Ball Library. I will be happy to discuss topics, provide advice, and references. The papers should be about 1250 words each, including references. Each student will present a summary of their paper during that week. Visual aides -- handouts, slides, powerpoint presentations, overhead projections -- may be included in the presentation.

Texts

Brundage, Burr C.

1963     Empire of the Inca.  University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.

Hagen, Adriana von, and Craig Morris

1998     The Cities of the Ancient Andes.  Thames & Hudson, London.

Moseley, Michael E.

2001     The Incas and their Ancestors. The Archaeology of Peru. R evised edition. Thames & Hudson, London.

Library Reserve

All the above texts and all additional assigned readings are on print or electronic reserve.  Articles in Scientific American, National Geographic, Smithsonian, and Archaeology, with color graphics, are available in the journal section of  the library.  Many of the articles in those magazines are also available on the electronic course reserves, but the graphics are in black & white, and have poor resolution.  Consulting the originals in the library is far better.  Nature,  Science ,and the Annual Review of Anthropology are available online and in most cases, are available on the electronic course reserves.  All other articles are available on the electronic course reserves.

TENTATIVE SCHEDULE OF READINGS

WEEK 1:  Background, Geography, and Ecology

Feb 5:

Moseley: Chaps. 1 & 2.

Feb 8:

Hagen & Morris: Chap. 2

Kosok, Paul

1965     Life, Land and Water in Ancient Peru.  (Copy in Anthro Lab -- skim & enjoy).

WEEK 2:  Paleo-Indian and Early Preceramic Periods

Feb 12:

Moseley: Chap. 4.

Dillehay, Tom D.

1984     A Late Ice-Age Settlement in Southern Chile. Scientific American, 251 (4; Oct.): 100-09.

1999     The Late Pleistocene Cultures of South America.  Evolutionary Anthropology, 7 (6): 206-16.

Feb 15:

Roosevelt, Anna C., et al.

1996     Paleoindian Cave Dwellers in the Amazon:  The Peopling of the Americas.  Science, 272 (5260; 19 April): 373-84.

Nemecek, Sasha

2000     Who were the first Americans? Scientific American, 283 (3; Sept.): 80-87.

WEEK 3:  Late Preceramic and Initial Periods

Feb 19:

Smith, Bruce D.

1995     The Origins of Agriculture in the Americas.  Evolutionary Anthropology, 3 (5): 174-84.

Perry, Linda, et al.

2006     Early maize agriculture and interzonal interaction in southern Peru.  Nature, 440 (7080; 2 March): 76-79.

Dillehay, Tom D., et al.

2007     Preceramic Adoption of Peanut, Squash, and Cotton in Northern Peru. Science, 316 (5833; 29 June): 1890-93.

Moseley: Chapter 5

Feb 22:

Moseley: Chapter 6 up to page 158.

Hagen & Morris: Chapter 3.

Roosevelt, Anna C., R.A. Housley, and I. da Silveira

1991     Eigth Millenium Pottery from a Prehistoric Shell Midden in the Brazilian Amazon. Science, 254 (5038; 13 Dec.): 1621-24.

Ross, John

2002     First City in the New World? Smithsonian, 33 (5; Aug.): 56-64.

Atwood, Roger

2005     A Monumental Feud.  Archaeology, 58(4): 18-25.

Pozorski, Shelia, and Thomas Pozorski

1994     Early Andean Cities.  Scientific American, 270 (6; June): 66-72.

Optional / Research Sources:


Haas, Jonathan S., S. Pozorski, and T. Pozorski (eds.)

1987       The Origins and Development of the Andean State.

Moseley, Michael E.

1975       The Maritime Foundations of Andean Civilization.

Quilter, Jeffrey

1991       Late Preceramic Peru.  Journal of World Prehistory, 5 (4): 387-438.

WEEK 4:  The Early Horizon:  The Chavín Culture

Feb 22:

Moseley: Chap 6: 158-71.

Hagen & Morris: Chap. 4.

Burger, Richard L.

1993     Chavín and the Origins of Andean Civilization. SKIM.

Feb 22:

Rowe, John H.

1967     Form and Meaning in Chavin Art.  In Peruvian Archaeology. Selected Readings (J.H. Rowe and D. Menzel, eds): 72-103.

Carneiro, Robert L.

1970     A Theory of the Origin of the State. Science, 169 (3947;21  Aug.): 733-38.

WEEK 5:  Mar 4 & 7 -- Class Presentations

WEEK 6:  The Early Intermediate Period:  The Nazca Kingdom

Mar 11:

Moseley: Chap. 7: 172-73; 196-208.

Hagen & Morris: Chap. 5: 104-12.

Mar 14:

Aveni, Anthony F.

2000     Solving the Mystery of the Nazca Lines.  Archaeology, 53 (3; May/June): 26-35.

DeLeonardis, Lisa

2000     The Body Context: Interpreting Early Nasca Decapitated Burials.  Latin American Antiquity, 11(4): 363-86.

WEEK 7:  The Early Intermediate Period:  The Moche Kingdom

Mar 18:

Moseley: Chap. 7: 174-96.

Hagen & Morris: Chap. 5: 83-103.

Benson, Elizabeth P.

1972     The Mochica:  A Culture of PeruSKIM GRAPHICS.

Van Gijseghem, Hendrik,

2001     Household and Family at Moche, Peru: An Analysis of Building and Residence Patterns in a Prehispanic Urban Center.  Latin American Antiquity, 12 (3): 257-73.

Mar 21:

Popson, Colleen P.

2002     Grim Rites of the Moche.  Archaeology, 55 (2; March/April): 30-35.

Alva, Walter

1990     The Moche of Ancient Peru. New Tomb of Royal Splendor.  National Geographic, 177 (6; June): 2-15.

Donnan, Christopher B.

1990     Masterworks of Art Reveal a Remarkable Pre-Inca World.  National Geographic, 177 (6: June ): 16-33.

2001     Moche Burials Uncovered.  National Geographic, 199 (3; March): 58-73.

Wiliiams, A.R.

2006     Mystery of the Tatooed Mummy.  National Geographic, 209 (6: June ): 70-83.

Alexander, Brian

1990     Archaeology and Looting Make a Volatile Mix.  Science, 250 (4984;Nov. 23): 1074-75.

Donnan, Christopher, et al.

1991     Archaeology and Looting: Preserving the Record.  Science, 251 (4993; 1 Feb): 498-99.

Optional / Research Sources:


Bawden, Garth

1996     The Moche.

Quilter, Jeffrey

2002     Moche Politics, Religion, and Warfare. Journal of World Prehistory, 16 (2): 144-95.

Shimada, Izumi

1994     Pampa Grande and the Mochica Culture.

Silverman, Helaine

1993     Cahuachi in the Ancient Nasca World.

SPRING BREAK  [start reading Brundage, Empire of the Inca]

WEEK 8:  The Early Intermediate Period & Middle Horizon:  The Kingdoms of Wari & Tiwanaku

Apr 1:

Moseley: Chap. 7: 208-22

Hagen & Morris: Chap. 6.

Morell, Virginia

2002     Empires across the Andes.  National Geographic, 201 (6; June): 106-29.

Apr 4:

Moseley: Chap. 8

Isbell, William H.

1988     City and State in Middle Horizon Huari.  In Peruvian Archaeology (Richard W. Keatinge, ed.): 164-89.

Knobloch, Patricia J.

2000     Wari Ritual Power at Conchopata:  An Interpretation of Anadenantherea colubrina Iconography.  Latin American Antiquity, 11(4): 387-402.

Optional / Research Sources:


Kolata, Alan L.

1993     The Tiwanaku:  Portrait of an Andean Civilization.

WEEK 9:  Tiwanaku // The Late Intermediate Period:  The Chimú Empire

Apr 8:

Ortloff, Charles L. and Alan L. Kolata

1993     Climate and Collapse:  Agro-ecological Perspectives on the Decline of the Tiwanaku State.  Journal of Archaeological Science, 20: 195-201.

Straughan, Baird

1991     The Secrets of Ancient Tiwanaku are benefitting Today's Bolivia.  Smithsonian, 21 (11; Feb.): 38-49.

Apr 11:

Moseley : Chap 9

Hagen & Morris: Chap. 7.

Moseley, Michael E., and Carol J. Mackey

1973     Peru's Ancient City of Kings.  National Geographic, 143 (3; March): 318-45.

Moseley, Michael E.

1975     Chan Chan:  Andean Alternative of the Preindustrial City. Science, 187 (4173; Jan 24): 219-25.

WEEK 10:  Apr  15 & 18 -- Class Presentations

WEEK 11:  The Late Intermediate Period:  The Chimú Empire

Apr 22:

Bacc // Reading Day -- No class.

Apr 25:

Topic, John R.

2003     From Stewards to Bureaucrats:  Architecture and Information Flow at Chan Chan, Peru. Latin American Antiquity, 14 (3): 243-74.

Keatinge, Richard W., and Geoffrey W. Conrad

1983     Imperialist Expansion in Peruvian Prehistory:  Chimu Administration of a Conquered Territory. Journal of Field Archaeology, 10 (3): 255-83.

Optional / Research Sources:


Moseley, Michael E.

1983     The Good Old Days were Better:  Agrarian Collapse and Tectonics. American Anthropologist, 85 (4): 773-99.

Moseley, Michael E., and Carol J. Mackey

1974     Twenty Four Architectural Plans of Chan Chan, Peru: Structure and Form at the Capital of Chimor.

Moseley, Michael E., and Kent C. Day (eds.)

1982     Chan Chan:  Andean Desert City.

Moseley, Michael E., and Alan Cordy-Colins (eds.)

1990     The Northern Dynasties: Kingship and Statecraft in Chimor.

WEEK 12:  The Late Horizon:  The Inca Empire -- Tawantisuyu

Apr 29:

Moseley: Chap. 3.

Hagen & Morris: Chap. 8.

Brundage, Burr C.

1963     Empire of the Inca.

May 2:

Bordewich, Fergus M.

2003     Winter Palace [Machu Pichu]. Smitnsonian, 33 (12; Sept.): 106-15.

Bauer, Brian S.

1996     Legitimization of the State in Inca Myth and Ritual.  American Anthropologist, 98 (2): 326-37.

Reinhard, Johan

1999     Frozen in Time.  National Geographic, 196 (5; Nov.): 36-54.

Optional / Research Sources:


Rostworowski de Diez Canseco,María

1999     History of the Inca Realm.

WEEK 13:  La Selva and Chachapoyas

May 6:

Raymond, J. Scott

1988     A View from the Tropical Forest.  In Peruvian Archaeology (Richard W. Keatinge, ed.): 279-300.

Lerche, Peter

Quest for the Lost Tombs of the Peruvian Cloud People.  National Geographic, 198 (3; September): 64-81.

Church, Warren B., and Ricardo Morales Gamarra

2004     Tomb Raiders of El Dorado.  The SAA Archaeological Record, 4 (1): 24-29.

Urton, Gary

2001     A Calendrical and Demographic Tomb Text from Northern Peru. Latin American Antiquity, 12 (2): 127-47.

Optional / Research Sources:


Lathrap, Donald W.

1970     The Upper Amazon.

WEEKS 13 & 14:  May 9 & 13 -- Class Presentations